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DOI 10.60531/INSIGHTOUT.2024.2.8| LAI: SMART CITY TRANSITION_ INSIGHTOUT 2(2024) 51 Mixed method approach The findings presented in this paper are from a terri­tory-wide survey about smart mobility development in Hong Kong, complemented by the results of expert and in-depth interviews. The survey was conducted in Hong Kong from July to August 2023 both face-to-face and online as a mixed survey mode. The target popula­tion was Cantonese- or English-speaking citizens aged eighteen or above. The number of successful cases was 161, with an effective response rate of 89.9 per cent, and a margin of error of+/-7.57 per cent at a 95 per cent confidence level. The survey consisted of twenty-two questions divided into eight themes, ranging from trav­el habits and digital service usage to the concept of considering using SBMS. LimeSurvey was used to col­lect the survey data, and SPSS was used to conduct the analysis including descriptive and inferential statistics. The gender-age distribution of the Hong Kong popu­lation came from the 2021 population census in Hong Kong, which was used to weight the data. 31 The expert interviews engaged ten interview­ees from the public, private and civic sector. Each semi-structured interview lasted around thirty to for­ty-five minutes. While there was no specific limit on the number of questions, especially for the person­alised questions which were tailored to each inter­viewee regarding their expertise, two categories of questions about smart city development and smart mobility components were always asked for compar­ison purposes. All interviews were transcribed into English and subjected to code analysis using MAX­QDA. Eight interviewees grouped based on their us­age of SBMS were recruited for in-depth interviews about their travel habits, following a semi-structured format lasting approximately fifteen minutes each. Fig. 1: Total usage of smartphone-based mobility services in the past twelve months angle of analysis. While the author acknowledges the inclusion of genders other than male and female as selectable options, no participants selected genders other than male and female, and thus the gender-re­lated analysis here only pertains to male and female. Analysis a. Usage of SBMS This paper divides SBMS into five main types for Q4: route-planning, estimated time of arrival(ETA), park­ing, shared mobility and ride-hailing. Figure 1 shows that route-planning and ETA are the two most fre­quently used types of services among participants. Nevertheless, the results in table 2 show that only route-planning services have a significant relation­ship between usage and gender. Figure 2 indicates that males on average use more route-planning ser­vices than females. Focusing on the aim of this paper, three angles of anal­ysis are proposed: usage, access, and attitude. Table 1 shows the questions selected from the survey for each Fig. 2: Usage of route-planning apps by gender 31 https://www.census2021.gov.hk/en/index.html(accessed 12 Apr. 2024).